Hypertension Is The Medical Term For Having High Blood...

In this project Jose, Diana, Adrian and I were tasked with producing a menu for persons with hypertension and a nut allergy. Hypertension is the medical term for having high blood pressure. One of the main causes of hypertension is a poor diet. It is affected most commonly by high levels of sodium (Pg. 321). To combat high blood pressure, the DASH diet was developed. DASH stands for dietary approaches to stop hypertension. Foods that are recommended to eat while on the DASH diet are whole grains, fruits and vegetables, fat-free or low-fat dairy, lean meat, poultry, fish, nuts, seeds, beans, fats and oils, sweets, and sodium limited to under 2400 milligrams per day (Pg. 322). The only perceivable obstacle for the menu development was the recommendation for nuts. However, the nutrients provided through nuts can be found in other foods like fats and oils and various protein sources. The first item on the menu is a quinoa patty as an appetizer. The dish contains quinoa, carrot, celery, o nion, egg, olive oil, peppers, and a dash of salt. We chose this as our appetizer because it appears to follow the DASH diet quite well. Quinoa is a whole grain; carrots, celery, onions, and peppers represent the fruits and vegetables category; the egg is not a low-fat dairy product, but the amount of egg in the recipe is very minimal; olive oil is a fat and oil, and the quinoa patties are lightly salted in an attempt to keep flavor yet stay under the recommended daily limit. The first entreeShow MoreRelatedHypertension And Its Effects On Hypertension1672 Words   |  7 Pages WHAT IS HYPERTENSION ERICA SAAVEDRA PALM BEACH VOCATIONAL INSTITUTE WHAT IS HYPERTENSION Hypertension, sometimes known as â€Å"Silent Killer† is America’s freighting combative illness we struggle to regulate. Due too many health risk factors, many people are sometimes unaware of hypertension until suffering from severe damaging effects. High blood pressure is a growing problem in today’s life Controlling it is the key priority. Approximately 50 million people in the United StatesRead MoreHypertension : Symptoms And Symptoms Of Hypertension1141 Words   |  5 PagesHypertension What is hypertension? Hypertension is another term for high blood pressure. Blood pressure goals vary depending on your age and presence of other medical conditions. For example, the current recommendation for adults age 60, who have no chronic kidney disease or diabetes, is a goal blood pressure below 150/90. For all other adults, including those with chronic kidney disease and diabetes, the goal blood pressure is less than 140/90. Hypertension is exceedingly common in the UnitedRead MoreGestational Hypertension Developed Into Preeclampsia1491 Words   |  6 PagesHypertension is defined as persistent increase of blood pressure in human body. A pregnant women is considered high blood pressure when the systolic reading is greater than 140 mmHg and diastolic reading greater than 90 mmHg. High blood pressure in pregnancy is also known as ‘gestational hypertension’. Gestational hypertension could lead to development of a condition called preeclampsia. Initially, gestational hypertension is a new onset of high blood pressure after the 20th weeks of pregnancy withoutRead MoreA Short Note On Diabetes And Adolescent Adolescents1577 Words   |  7 PagesHypertension in Adolescents I. Case Presentation A 16 year old African American male arrives at his pediatrician’s office for a preparticipation physical evaluation. His history includes asthma as a toddler, tonsillectomy in 2010. His mother, grandmother, and uncle all have hypertension. His grandmother has diabetes as well. He has an older brother and younger sister, both are healthy. His father is a paraplegic due to a MVA, otherwise his father has no health issues. The patient vital signsRead MoreRelationship Between Hypertension And Music Therapy1496 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review By Ludanni Li AS 2014 Project Title Does music flow in our blood? Outline Section 1: Relationship between hypertension and music therapy a) Hypertension 1) Causes and Effects b) Music therapy 1) What music therapy is 2) How music therapy works c) Clinical music therapy cases Section 2: Blood pressure measurement a) Preparation for test b) How to use sphygmomanometer (blood pressure monitor) c) Normal results and abnormal results Section 3: Previous Research Findings a) DataRead MoreCauses And Effect Of Blood Pressure999 Words   |  4 Pageselevated blood pressure. The heart is the main organ involved in supplying the rest of the body with blood. As the blood leaves the heart, it pushes against the walls of the blood vessels, and this movement creates blood pressure. By understanding what blood pressure is, what happens in a person’s body when hypertension and hypotension occur, and what factors affect blood pressure, one can figure out how to adjust his/her lifestyle, mentally and physically, to prevent diseases related to blood pressureRead MoreMultiple Forms Of Stroke : Ischemic Strokes, Hemorrhagic Strokes And Ischemic Attacks1338 Words   |  6 PagesA stroke happens when the blood supply to the brain is either interrupted, blocked or a blood vessel in the brain ruptures. These blockages are often caused by blood clots, which can form in the arteries connecting to the brain. When this happens, there is an insufficient amount of oxy gen and nutrients going to the brain, and this causes the brain cells to die. It also is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States (U.S) today. There are three forms of stroke: ischemic strokes, hemorrhagicRead MorePatient Education Can Be Received Positively Or Negatively?1435 Words   |  6 Pageswill be openly non-adherent and non-compliant and will refuse the nursing education process and chances for improving their health. In an emergency room setting, triage, treatment and patient education can be difficult depending on the patient’s medical status or mental status. Nurses are also met with a variety of intellectual levels. Each patient is different, and each patient decides if they will follow the treatment plan or not. On top of the patient’s status, intellectual level, compliancy toRead MoreComparison of Hypertension Treatment in the US and Egypt1556 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Hypertension in the U.S. and Egypt Abstract: This writing assignment revolves around the importance of better understanding hypertension so that it can more effectively be treated. Thus, scrutinizing research articles focusing on patients with hypertension around the U.S. and Egypt allow one to better understand which treatments are the most effective in managing this condition, shedding light on the condition as a whole. Part A of the paper will discuss what nurses can and should do in terms ofRead MoreMy Second Week Of Placement Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesLi has multiple medical problems such as insulin dependent diabetes, hypertension, gout and retinopathy. Mr.Li had a couple of hospital admission due to his left leg cellulitis. He mentioned that during his hospitalisation his blood pressure was on higher side. Mr Li is on medication for his hypertension. He is on amlodipine and cilazapril. To control his BSL (blood sugar level) he is on insulin and metformin. On our first visit Mr.Li was not showing any insig ht about his medical conditions. He seemed

Essay on Ben Franklin Early Life - 1685 Words

Ben Franklin: Early Life In his many careers as a printer, moralist, essayist, civic leader, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, and philosopher, for later generations of Americans he became both a spokesman and a model for the national character. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts on Jan. 17, 1706, into a religious Puritan household. His father, Josiah, was a candlemaker and a skillful mechanic. His mother, Abiah Ben’s parents raised thirteen children--the survivors of Josiah’s seventeen children by two wives (#1). Printer Writer Franklin left school at ten years old when he was pressed into his fathers trade. At twelve Ben was apprenticed to his half brother James, a printer of The New England Courant. He†¦show more content†¦They aspired to build their own businesses, insure the growth of Philadelphia, and improve the quality of its life. Franklin led the Junto in founding a library (1731), fire company (1736), learned society (1743), college (later the University of Pennsylvania, 1749), and an insurance company and a hospital (1751). The group also carried out plans for paving, cleaning, and lighting the streets and for making them safe by organizing an efficient night watch. They even formed a voluntary militia (#1). Franklin had steadily extended his own knowledge by study of foreign languages, philosophy, and science. He repeated experiments of other scientists and added his own ideas that led to inventions of the Franklin stove, bifocal eyeglasses, and a glass harmonica. The phenomenon of electricity interested him deeply, in 1748 he turned his printing business over to his foreman, intending to devote his life to science (#5). Experiments he proposed, showed that lightning was in fact a form of electricity. Later that year his famous kite experiment, in which he flew a kite with the wire attached to a key during a thunderstorm, further established that laboratory-produced static electricity was akin to a previously mysterious and terrifying natural phenomenon (#1). He was elected to the Royal Society in 1756 and to the French Academy of Sciences in 1772(#3). His later achievements included formulating a theory of heatShow MoreRelatedBenjamin Franklin Was A Great Impact On Society1249 Word s   |  5 PagesIntroduction Benjamin Franklin was a very important colonist in the Revolutionary War era. He was mainly known for being a Founding Father with many inventions and contributions to the founding of the United States of America; he had helped write the Declaration of Independence, U.S. Constitution, and the Articles of Confederation, also he helped form the Treaty of Paris, drafted into the Second Continental Congress and performed the kite and key experiment fueling the flame for his interest inRead MoreStealing God s Thunder Benjamin Franklin s Lighting Rod And The Invention Of America979 Words   |  4 Pageslook into the life of Benjamin Franklin, as a youth well into his senior years until death. He outlined facts; Ben was an Inventor/scientist long before he entertained the thought of becoming a diplomat, civic leader, abolitionist and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. The message Dray points out about Benjamin Franklin is although he was a political figure, his first love was curiosity of nature and experimenting. Philip Dray covers several areas of Franklin s activitiesRead MorePuritan and Neoclassical Literature981 Words   |  4 Pagescame to the New World, they led a life that was focused on their religious beliefs. Through the course of time, the people of the British colonies developed an identity apart from both the homeland of England and their religious predecessors. Anne Bradstreet, a Puritan, was one of the first women writers to gain international fame as a New World writer. In her poem Prologue she writes about what it is like for a Puritan woman living in the New World. Ben Franklin, as exemplified in his autobiographyRead MoreBenjamin Franklin And The American Revolution1406 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent walks of life gave their contributions in the forms of literature, propositions, and even their lives. One of these men was Ben jamin Franklin. Benjamin Franklin’s life was intertwined with that of America’s life. The more notable of his works is his printed items such as â€Å"Join or die†, The Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution, and â€Å"Magnus Britannia†. Benjamin was the catalyst for the American revolution through his printing business and ventures. Benjamin Franklin was born inRead More Ben Franklin Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesBen Franklin Benjamin Franklin was one of the most influential people in American history. Franklin was born on January 17, 1706, in a small town in Boston. Benjamin was one of ten children. His father, Josiah was a candle and soap maker, and his mother Abiah Folger was a homemaker. When Benjamin was only twelve years old he signed his identures so that he could apprentice under his brother, working at a printing press. Here he worked for his brother James for over nine years. BenjaminRead MoreInfluential American Writers Who Believed and Wrote about Freedom648 Words   |  3 Pagesmany different authors who set standards for many other authors today. We covered many different so far in the semester some of these authors have similar views and some with totally different views. We covered Jean De Crevecover, Thomas Paine, Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and Phillis Wheatley. These authors are Revolutionary War Era author who’s trying to answer what is an American. In history many au thors try to answer this question. You get many difference answers for this question. Read MoreWhy The Founding Fathers Broke Away1430 Words   |  6 Pagessymbol of how a country should be run. This all stems from the early colonial years on how the colonies were founded in how we became The United states. Like all countries we had an ethical dilemma establishing ourselves, some we will cover, but it’s the reasoning behind that rings true. The very reasons our founding fathers broke away leads us to who we are today. We will go over the differences between early colonial life and life at the time of the revolution and all the factors that go alongRead MoreBenjamin Franklin Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Susanna Dey 19 November 2011 Benjamin Franklin Say the name Benjamin Franklin and you may picture a chubby man with spectacles holding a kite during a lightening storm. Perhaps you picture him a older man with spectacles propped up on his nose standing in a great room full of distinguished gentlemen signing the Declaration of Independence. Both of these facts about Benjamin Franklins life would be true. However, there was so much more to Mr. Franklin. He was a diplomat, a statesman, a scientistRead MoreHenry David Thoreau And Ben Franklin994 Words   |  4 Pagesreading wasn’t necessary to work and to be successful. However, now in this modern era, reading has become necessary for everyday life; it has become vital to a society that is ever more dependent on technology. Nevertheless, reading is beneficial in ways that listening and watching movies can never be. The works of Anne Bradstreet, Henry David Thoreau, and Ben Franklin help acknowledge this idea through the impacts they have had on readers still today. If you ask anyone about a book that was alsoRead MoreThe Invention Of The First American History1157 Words   |  5 PagesNative American? Do you think of Benjamin Franklin? Probably not, but he has been graciously granted with this very title. Franklin is a large part of American history. A renowned polymath, he held many occupations including; an author, printer, politician, scientist, inventor, civic activist and more! All throughout history there have been a plethora of inspirational, hardworking, intelligent, life-changing personages, one of them being Benjamin Franklin. He changed not only the world, but America

Bob Cratchits family Essay Example For Students

Bob Cratchits family Essay Dickens wanted to put across this idea of rich people being selfish, un-compassionate people. As in Victorian society a blatant social divide of the rich and poor was evident. A sense that people in high society had was that they were more important than those poorer than themselves, and so theyre greed kept their money and anything they had to share was kept to themselves. Dickens also shows the appreciation and happiness of the little poor people had and how infact they were richer in life than the rich people were in their wealth. He uses this with the example to Bob Cratchits family with such remarks as Bob had hugged his daughter to his hearts content. This shows an emotion not seen in the cold-hearted representation of rich people in A Christmas Carol. Similes are another language technique that dickens has developed and used to create a dramatic sense of scrooges character. A simile used to describe scrooge for example is Hard and sharp as flint this gives the impression that scrooge himself is a person with a hard exterior, almost impenetrable for emotion to break through. He is sharp within the sense of his wit, he talks down to those he opposes and with his sharp wit attacks them verbally, such as where he talks to his nephew and says What reason have you to be merry? Youre poor enough this shows the sharpness in his tongue, and the nastiness in his personality. This sort of use of simile gives the reader something to compare scrooge to, and so see deeper into his personality. Here is another simile from the first stave solitary as an oyster an oyster lives on its own at the bottom of the ocean isolated, this idea of loneliness could be linked to scrooge. Oysters are also cocooned within a shell; this connects with the thought of scrooge hiding behind a self indulgent front and not letting anyone in emotionally. Dickens changes his use of simile in the last stave to suit scrooges newly found nice character; this shows a variance between the two opposites in scrooges personality in the two staves. For example, here is a simile that describes scrooge in the last stave I am as happy as an angel that simile sounds very positive in contrast to ones in the first stave. To say hes as happy as an angel links into how before he wasnt happy and his own atmosphere was depressing, but now he is happy and not just happy but as happy as an angelic creature. This shows the reader that scrooge is rejoicing in sight of his own change in character, and how they should feel happy to in response to that. Repetition is another key technique used to dramatically describe scrooges character. A word repeated many times in the first few paragraphs is dead with this an instant negative mood is brought upon the reader. With it repeated so many times it keeps the text itself to a low mood, and with the other language techniques combined it makes the reader grasp the pessimistic atmosphere. The word dead itself could link to scrooge, as scrooge himself could be seen as dead on the inside, due to his complete lack of emotion shown to anything. Repetition is used in the same way in the last stave but in a different meaning, not to severely show the bad atmosphere but to highlight and create a positive atmosphere towards the overall affect on the reader. Here is a word repeated often in the last stave chuckle. This is a cheerful and enthusiastic word that fits in with scrooges new change of character. It makes the reader feel that scrooge is now a humorous person, which he never was before and therefore he has obviously changed. Gulf Waar EssayThis also links to Dickens views on people in high society, he regarded them as selfish and tight people, because during the massive social divide in his lifetime people in rich situations in his opinion were selfish and tight and so to spread his views across he used scrooges character and by showing a beggars negative reaction to scrooge. That shows the divide between the two people, high and low class and a disrespect and tightness from high to low. This makes the reader think that scrooge is a selfish, mean man. Dickens uses scrooges attitude towards others so let the readers form an opinion of how they would react to scrooges character themselves. Scrooges tone and attitude in the last stave reflects his change of character deeply. Because he is of course a changed man his attitude towards others changed also with that. For example as he is asking a young boy to buy him a turkey he says Come back with him in less than five minutes and Ill give you half-a-crown. This shows his newly found generosity, as before he would have never given anything willingly to anyone. This helps towards the reader adjusting their opinion of scrooge, and believes that if he is kind to others he must be a kind and changed person himself. The Young Vic performance showed a modern twist of A Christmas carol. Scrooge was played by a woman in a South African setting, I believe having a woman play scrooge is to show that now that there is a near equality between men and women; women can become in a position like scrooge, have money to themselves and be selfish with it. The story explores Aids, prostitution, poverty etc, this highlighted the contrast between old and modern society by exploring these issues from todays world, this is important because it demonstrates the moral of A Christmas carol in relevance to today. In conclusion I believe the moral behind Christmas carol is that in a social divided community it is important to treat everyone the same. This is shown through scrooges character, and how he treats people somewhat below him in the social hierarchy as a man quite high in society and how he treats them after he has been visited by the spirits. I think that the moral is still of relevance to todays world, although there is a large time difference between now and then there still are social divides throughout society, weather it be financially or through the new celebrity statuss there are or anything else, so it is still important to withhold the belief that everyone has the right to be treated the same, rich or poor, famous or not famous. Equality is something that should be of relevance though any time, weather it is a problem or something newly found, it is an issue and still will be until there is complete equality for all.

White Privilege The Invisible Knapsack Essay Example For Students

White Privilege : The Invisible Knapsack Essay America is a presumptuous country; its citizens don’t feel like learning any other language so they make everyone else learn English. White Americans are the average human being and act as the standard of living, acting, and nearly all aspects of life. In her essay â€Å"White Privilege: The Invisible Knapsack,† Peggy McIntosh talks about how being white has never been discussed as a race/culture before because that identity has been pushed on everyone else, and being white subsequently carries its own set of advantages. Gloria Anzaldua is a Chicana, a person of mixed identities. In an excerpt titled â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,† she discusses how the languages she speaks identifies who she is in certain situations and how, throughout her life, she has been pushed to speak and act more â€Å"American† like. We will write a custom essay on White Privilege : The Invisible Knapsack specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now McIntosh’s idea of whiteness as a subconscious race that carries its own advantages can enlighten why Anzaldua feels like she needs multiple languages to identify who she is as a person. McIntosh points out that â€Å"whites are taught to think of their lives as morally neutral, normative, and average, and also ideal† (352).Because of this standard that has been so widely accepted throughout society, people coming to the US experience a feeling of needing to belong, of needing to become the typical white family. Anzaldua and her fellow Chicanos’ experience of being â€Å"required to take two speech classes.to get rid of their accents† supports McIntosh’s idea. When students go to school and they have some trait that isn’t â€Å"American,† they are often required to put in extra effort to either change or get rid of that trait, whether it be an accent or belief. Their special traits aren’t celebrated or accepted; they are shunned and frowned upon. ., and those she is talking to shouldn’t feel embarrassed if someone talks to them in a language other than English. There are other inhabitants of this planet we call home. Being white is a subconscious realization; it doesn’t stand out like being black or Asian. The languages spoken by cultures and races around the world help them identify as a group, and whites aren’t always accepting of that. McIntosh addresses that subconscious thinking, and makes the reader think a little harder about their position and how they got there. Anzaldua discusses how language helps her identify as a person. She also touches on the ways she’s been pushed to be either more American or Chicano or Spanish. As today’s world becomes more global and relies more on speaking the same tongue, the core identities the languages represent are becoming less prevalent and more of an added bonus.

Free Essays on The Loyalty Of Love

Turner i The Loyalty of Love Thesis Statement: Catherine Sloper chooses to love her father and her lover who both misjudge her loyalty of love, out of their own vanity. I. Plot Summary of Washington Square A. Austin Sloper, the domineering father B. Catherine Sloper, a simple minded daughter II. The Character’s Goals A. The Positive Feel of Satisfaction B. The Future Hopes and Dreams III. Catherine’s Loyalty of Love A. The Nature of Catherine 1. Father’s Avoidance 2. Lack of Acceptance 3. Into the hands of Townsend IV. Manipulation A. Morris Townsend, the immortal villain B. Aunt Penniman V. Resolve to Change Turner ii A. Victim and Victimizer The Loyalty of Love Washington Square by Henry James tackles love and loyalty on his very complex character, Catherine Sloper. The novel is set in Washington Square, New York in the mid 1800s. In the house, Catherine lives with her domineering father, Doctor Austin Sloper and his sister Lavinia Penniman. Doctor Sloper is a rich and popular physician while his sister is a widow starving for romance who is financially dependent upon her brother. Mrs. Penniman was left without a fortune and is prone to romantic fantasies unlike their pragmatic sister Mrs. Almond. She however is Doctor Sloper’s favorite sister and confidante. Austin Sloper, himself is a widower. His wife Mrs. Catherine Sloper first gave birth to a baby boy of extraordinary promise who died at three years of age. Two years later Mrs. Sloper gave birth to a second baby. This baby was not a little boy of extraordinary promise like the first, which the Doctor promised himself he would make an admirable man. Instead the sex would render the poor child in the Doctor’s sense. The little girl was a disappointment and that was not the worst. The young mother would die just a week after giving birth (James). She was named Catherine after her mother but did not take her mother’s beau... Free Essays on The Loyalty Of Love Free Essays on The Loyalty Of Love Turner i The Loyalty of Love Thesis Statement: Catherine Sloper chooses to love her father and her lover who both misjudge her loyalty of love, out of their own vanity. I. Plot Summary of Washington Square A. Austin Sloper, the domineering father B. Catherine Sloper, a simple minded daughter II. The Character’s Goals A. The Positive Feel of Satisfaction B. The Future Hopes and Dreams III. Catherine’s Loyalty of Love A. The Nature of Catherine 1. Father’s Avoidance 2. Lack of Acceptance 3. Into the hands of Townsend IV. Manipulation A. Morris Townsend, the immortal villain B. Aunt Penniman V. Resolve to Change Turner ii A. Victim and Victimizer The Loyalty of Love Washington Square by Henry James tackles love and loyalty on his very complex character, Catherine Sloper. The novel is set in Washington Square, New York in the mid 1800s. In the house, Catherine lives with her domineering father, Doctor Austin Sloper and his sister Lavinia Penniman. Doctor Sloper is a rich and popular physician while his sister is a widow starving for romance who is financially dependent upon her brother. Mrs. Penniman was left without a fortune and is prone to romantic fantasies unlike their pragmatic sister Mrs. Almond. She however is Doctor Sloper’s favorite sister and confidante. Austin Sloper, himself is a widower. His wife Mrs. Catherine Sloper first gave birth to a baby boy of extraordinary promise who died at three years of age. Two years later Mrs. Sloper gave birth to a second baby. This baby was not a little boy of extraordinary promise like the first, which the Doctor promised himself he would make an admirable man. Instead the sex would render the poor child in the Doctor’s sense. The little girl was a disappointment and that was not the worst. The young mother would die just a week after giving birth (James). She was named Catherine after her mother but did not take her mother’s beau...

Fact Sheet About Poisoning From Ricin Toxin

Fact Sheet About Poisoning From Ricin Toxin Ricin is a potent toxin extracted from castor beans. There is a lot of fear and misinformation associated with this poison. The purpose of this fact sheet is to help separate fact from fiction regarding ricin poisoning. What Is Ricin? ). It is so powerful a poison that the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimate the lethal dose in humans is about the size of a grain of salt (500 micrograms injected or inhaled). How Is Ricin Used as a Poison? What Are the Symptoms of Ricin Poisoning? InhalationSymptoms from ricin inhalation would include coughing, shortness of breath, and nausea. Fluid would begin to accumulate in the lungs. Fever and excessive sweating would be likely. Low blood pressure and respiratory failure could lead to death. IngestionEating or drinking ricin would produce cramping, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea leading to extreme dehydration. Bleeding from the stomach and intestines would occur. The victim may experience hallucinations, seizures, and bloody urine. Eventually (usually after several days) the liver, spleen, and kidneys could fail. Death would result from organ failure. InjectionInjected ricin produces swelling and pain in the muscles and lymph nodes near the site of the injection. As the poison worked its way outward, internal bleeding would occur and death would result from multiple organ failure. How Is Ricin Poisoning Detected and Treated? How Does Ricin Work? What Should You Do If You Suspect Ricin Poisoning? If you believe you have been exposed to ricin you should move away from the location of the poison. Seek immediate medical attention, explaining to the medical professional that you believe you were exposed to ricin and the circumstances of the event. Remove your clothing. Cut off clothing rather than pulling it over your head, to minimize further exposure. Remove and discard contact lenses. Glasses may be thoroughly washed with soap and water and re-used. Wash your entire body with soap and water.

Explanation of the graphics figures upon budget Assignment

Explanation of the graphics figures upon budget - Assignment Example The budget line implies that if Susan spent all her income on clothing she would be able to purchase OB units of it. If on the other hand, Susan spent all her income on food, she would be able to purchase OA units of food. If she allocates her income on both goods then all combinations of food and clothing she can attain are those on or within the line AB. Thus the triangle OAB defines the combinations of food and clothing attainable by Susan, given her income and the prices of food and clothing. Assuming that Susan is rational, and the law of diminishing marginal utility holds for both goods, and she has continuous and complete preferences, her preferences can be depicted by downward sloping convex indifference curves. Susan’s objective is to attain the highest possible indifference curve within the reach of her budget set. This is shown in figure 2. Figure 2: the utility maximising choice in Adelaide As shown above in figure 2, given her budget constraint, Susan’s utility maximizing choice in Adelaide is point E. She consumes OC of food and OD of clothing and this generates the level of utility denoted by the indifference curve IC1. Linda is aware that in Melbourne the prices of both goods are higher and that food is relatively more expensive than clothing compared to the situation in Adelaide. Therefore, with her present income (that she earns by working in Adelaide) Susan will be able to by lesser of both food and clothing. Additionally, because food is rela tively more expensive, not only she will be able to buy less of food if she invests all her income in food compared to the amount of food she would be able to buy in Adelaide, the reduction in the amount of food she can buy will be more than the reduction in the amount of clothing she will be able to buy. What this implies is that i) her budget line will shrink inwards and ii) it will be relatively more flat compared to her budget line in Adelaide. This is depicted in figure 3. Figure 3: FG - Susan's budget line in Melbourne if her income remains equal to her Adelaide income In the diagram above, FG is Susan’s budget line in Melbourne if her income remains unchanged. Observe that not only can she buy fewer amounts of either products, the reduction in her capacity to purchase clothing had she chosen to invest all her income in clothing, depicted by the amount GB in the figure above, is less than the reduction in the amount of food she can buy if she invests all her income in f ood, AF. This is implied by the fact that food is relatively more expensive than clothing in Melbourne. Figure 4: Susan's new budget set relative to her old preferred bundle and utility level. Therefore, as reflected in figure 4, Susan can no longer access the utility level denoted by the indifference curve IC1 and nor can she afford the commodity bundle she preferred when she was in Adelaide. Therefore her real income will fall if she has to move to Melbourne but her income is still as it was back in Adelaide. Linda, if she has to make sure Susan accepts the offer, will have to pay her enough to ensure that her real income is at least as high as it is presently in Adelaide. There are two possible ways of achieving this. I. If Susan is paid an income so that she can purchase a commodity bundle that places her again at the utility level IC1. This implies paying her an income over her present Adelaide income that will allow her to access her old indifference curve IC1. This would be w hat is termed as the Hicksian compensation. The idea is that Susan will be back at her old real income level if she has access to her old utility level. Figure 5: The Hicksian Compensation - PQ